1	In the “Int’l Court” of Quantum Mind 2003 (at the first concurrent session 3/15/2003) In Re: SPIN-MEDIATED CONSCIOUSNESS THEORY Huping Hu and Maoxin Wu - “Petitioners” - _______________________________________ © Biophysics Consulting Group http://www.QuantumBrain.org
2	Sub-caption of the “Case” Biology Possible Roles of Neural Membrane and Protein Nuclear Spin Ensembles and Unpaired Electronic Spins of Rapidly Diffusing O₂and Other Molecules in Consciousness and Memory. Physics Spin is the seat of consciousness and the linchpin between mind and the brain, that is, spin is the “mind-pixel.”
3	Outline of the Presentation Present the physics Describe the model Make predictions Offer evidence Give summation
4	The “Constitution” Consciousness exists (not an illusion). Consciousness is quantum mechanical. The “process” generating quantum effects also generates consciousness.
5	Spin is the Process Generating Quantum Effects Spin is embedded in the microscopic structure of spacetime and is likely the cause of spacetime itself (Dirac equation, spin network [Penrose] & spin foam [e.g., Smolin]). In the Bohmian picture, the “internal motion” associated with spin is recently shown to be responsible for the quantum potential (Recami & Salesi [1998], Phys. Rev. A, 57, p. 98; Esposito [1999], Found. Phys. Lett., 12, p. 165; Bogan, quant-ph/0212110). In the Hestenes picture, the zitterbewegung associated with spin is said to be responsible for all the quantum effects of the relativistic electron (see, Hestenes [1983], Found. Phys., 15, p. 63). Some authors also expressed the view that electron is Compton wavelength vortex and the wave function is about “quantum vorticity” (e.g., Sidharth, physics/0203079; Kiehn, http://www22.pair.com/csdc/pdf/bohmplus.pdf).
6	Spin Is the “Mind-Pixel” Consciousness is intrinsically connected to quantum mechanical spin, that is, spin is the seat of consciousness (Hu & Wu, quant-ph/0208068). Spin is a self-referential process which drives spacetime dynamics and underlies quantum mechanics (Hu & Wu, Cogprints: ID2827). The probabilistic structure of quantum mechanics is due to the self-referential collapse of spin state (Hu & Wu, Cogprints: ID2827). Said collapse is contextual, noncomputable, nonlocal and irreversible (See Penrose’s books; Hu & Wu, Cogprints: ID2827).
7	The Model: General Considerations The most abundant unpaired spins in the brain are the proton nuclear spins of all the molecules and electronic spins carried by O₂. Neural membranes are the matrices of most vital brain functions and phospholipids/proteins are saturated with proton nuclear spins. O₂ play crucial roles in brain functions and is hypothesized by us to be involved in the mechanism of anesthetic action (Hu & Wu [2002], Medical Hypotheses, 57, p. 619).
8	The Model: Neural Substrates Unpaired nuclear spins in neural membranes and possibly proteins are the mind-pixels since atomic nuclei are almost immobile and shielded from much of the noise in the “warm and wet” brain. Unpaired electronic spins of rapidly diffusing O₂, NO etc are the spin beam for pixel-activation since they are very mobile, can generate strong fluctuating E.M. fields via their large magnetic dipoles associated with their spins, and strongly couple to unpaired nuclear spins. Spin chemistry is the bridge to classical neural activities since biochemical reactions mediated by free radicals are very sensitive to small changes of magnetic energies.
9	Phospholipid with Diffusing O₂
10	Quantum Effects Activations of neural nuclear spin states through strong interactions with unpaired electrons of rapidly diffusing O₂, NO etc. Entanglement of various neural nuclear spin states through intra- and intermolecular spin-spin interactions. Decoherence, and survivals of the “fittest” entangled spin states in decoherence-free subspaces or through Zeno Effects. Collapse of fittest entangled spin states through spacetime dynamics driven by self-referential spin processes.
11	Evidence for Brain Nuclear Spin Quantum Effects Proton nuclear spins in nematic liquid crystal can achieve long-lived intra-molecular quantum coherence with entanglement in room temperature for information storage (Khitrin et al, quant-ph/0202035, 0205040 & 0208136). Long-ranged (>10 microns) intermolecular multiple-quantum coherence in NMR spectroscopy was discovered about a decade ago (Warren, et al [1993], Science, 262, p. 2005). Long-lived (>.05 milliseconds) entanglement of two macroscopic spin ensembles in room temperature has been achieved recently (Julsgaard et al [2001], Nature, 413, p. 400 ). NMR quantum computation in room temperature is reality (See Nielsen & Chuang [2000], Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge Universal Press).
12	“Consciousness Explained” Nuclear spin ensembles in neural membranes/proteins (“NSE”) are activated through strong interactions with unpaired electronic spins of rapidly diffusing O₂ etc that extract information from their diffusing pathways in the brain. NSE process said information such that conscious experiences emerge from the collapses of NSE entangled quantum states through spacetime dynamics driven by self-referential spin processes. In turn, NSE has effects through spin chemistry on the classical neural activities thus influencing the classical neural networks of the brain.
13	Spin-Mediated Consciousness
14	Associative Memory Model
15	Predictions Replacement of hydrogen with deuterium will block consciousness. Interference with the dynamics of neural nuclear spin ensemble will affect consciousness. Perturbation of membrane structures and dynamics will affect consciousness. Perturbation/blockage of oxygen pathways in the membrane will affect/block consciousness.
16	Mechanism of Anesthetic Action
17	Supporting Evidence for the Model Transcranial magnetic stimulations affect awareness and consciousness functions (see Chicurei [2002], Nature, 417, p. 114 [news feature]) which can be explained as the stimulations interfering with neural nuclear spin dynamics. General anesthetics cause unconsciousness which can be explained as said anesthetics perturbing O₂ pathways and neural membrane structures and dynamics (Hu & Wu [2002], Medical Hypotheses, 57, p. 619). Temporary hypoxia causes unconsciousness which can explained as deprivation of O₂ spin beam functions. D₂O has various neurological effects (see Kushner et al [1999], Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 77, p. 79) some of which may be explained as brain losing mind-pixels.
18	Summation Physics: Spin is the seat of consciousness and the linchpin between mind and the brain. Biology: Unpaired neural membrane/protein nuclear spins are the mind-pixels and unpaired electron spins of O₂ and other molecules are the pixel-activating spin beam. If speculation, theory and accepted theory is the order of progress, our proposal is a qualitative theory. If no evidence, some evidence, “preponderance” and “beyond reasonable doubt” is the order of proof, our proposal is at the stage of having some evidence.